Six weeks ago, a van piled high with flowers pulled up at the International Criminal Court’s detention center in The Hague. The court also received deliveries of birthday cards. Lots and lots of them.
They were all for the newest inmate, Rodrigo Duterte, a former president of the Philippines, who turned 80 on March 28. The tributes were evidence of his enduring popularity there, though he is accused of crimes against humanity for ordering a brutal antidrug campaign in which tens of thousands of people died.
“The place was inundated with flowers, and I brought some of the mail out because they didn’t know what to do with it,” Nicholas Kaufman, Mr. Duterte’s lawyer, said in a telephone interview. He said he had left with three sacks of mail for Mr. Duterte that the court was unable to vet. In the Philippines, thousands of people dressed in the green associated with Mr. Duterte’s political party flooded the streets of Davao City.
With Filipinos voting in midterm elections on Monday, Mr. Duterte appeared certain to win another term as mayor of Davao City, by a landslide, according to an unofficial tally of partial results, though if convicted he could spend the rest of his life in prison. He was the city’s mayor for 22 years, in three separate stretches, before assuming the presidency.
By 11:30 p.m., preliminary returns with 76 percent of the vote counted showed Mr. Duterte capturing 63.3 percent of the vote, far ahead of his closest rival, Karlo Nograles, at 7.8 percent. Election officials will not formally announce the winners of the races until Tuesday.
Mr. Duterte’s sudden arrest and extradition to The Hague in March has divided the Philippines. While some polls show that a majority of Filipinos back the investigation, many of Mr. Duterte’s supporters believe that he is a victim of political persecution by President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., once an ally of the Duterte clan.
Soon after Mr. Duterte’s dramatic arrest, Mr. Marcos’s approval rating plummeted to 25 percent from 42 percent a month earlier, according to a survey conducted by Pulse Asia. But that of Sara Duterte — the current vice president and daughter of Mr. Duterte — rose to 59 percent from 52 percent.
Ms. Duterte has long been considered a future presidential candidate. But this election, in which half the Senate is up for grabs, could prove pivotal for her. She has been impeached on charges that include corruption, plotting to assassinate Mr. Marcos, involvement in the drug war killings and incitement to insurrection, and the country’s 24 senators will decide this summer whether to convict her.
In Davao, where Mr. Duterte remains beloved, his dynasty is thriving. A son, Sebastian, who is the current mayor, appeared poised to win the vice-mayoral race, according to the preliminary results. He is expected to act as mayor in his father’s place, as it remains unclear whether Mr. Duterte can take his oath from detention in The Hague. At least seven members of his family took commanding leads in Monday’s local election.
For the first time ever, three political families — the Nograleses, the Garcias and the Al-ags — have combined forces to challenge the Dutertes, their former political ally, in Davao. But even Bernie Al-ag, who ran against Sebastian Duterte in this election, said he was unhappy about Rodrigo Duterte’s arrest.
“I also look at him as a father figure,” said Mr. Al-ag, who is a former vice mayor of Davao.
Before the election, Mags Maglana, an N.G.O. worker who ran for a congressional seat against Paolo Duterte, another of Mr. Duterte’s sons, said she was concerned that “the outpouring of sympathy for the father would cascade over to the rest of the family.” By 11:30 p.m., Ms. Maglana had obtained only about 0.3 percent of the votes.
Mr. Duterte’s camp has used his case in The Hague as a campaign tool. At a rally in Manila on Thursday, a video of his arrest was played. His supporters wore T-shirts and carried posters that said, “BRING HIM HOME.” Ms. Duterte told the attendees that the country was “paying the price for electing the wrong leader.”
“What’s even more painful is that they managed to kidnap the former president and hurriedly threw him into another country to be tried by foreigners,” she said.
That other country, the Netherlands, is far removed from the life that Mr. Duterte is used to.
The first issue was the food. (It is unclear what exactly is served in the detention facility, but Liberia’s former president, Charles Taylor, once complained that the food was too “Eurocentric.”)
Fadi El Abdallah, an I.C.C. spokesman, said the court did not comment on matters related to the private lives of detainees.
Mr. Duterte said he was “not used” to the meals on offer, according to Mr. Kaufman, prompting the lawyer to request “culturally appropriate food.” For Mr. Duterte, that is rice — which he is getting now, according to Ms. Duterte.
“That’s what we asked for and it’s cooked perfectly,” Ms. Duterte told reporters at The Hague earlier. “Correct according to Filipino taste.”
Mr. Duterte’s family was allowed to supply him with groceries, including his cherished Coke Zero, according to Ms. Duterte. She told reporters that he had complained about getting Coke Zero once a day, and that he needed at least two cans a day.
Life is regimented. Mr. Duterte huddles with Mr. Kaufman every morning in a conference room. In the afternoon, he meets with some family members. He is allowed time to exercise in a gym that is set up with a court to play basketball, tennis and badminton. There is another communal space, with a foosball table. He is one of six people in custody, according to court records.
According to Ms. Duterte, her father, who is diabetic, has nurses monitoring him. He has access to library books and a computer that allows him to review his defense filings but is not connected to the internet. In the late mornings or afternoons, he is allowed to make telephone calls to numbers that have been vetted in advance. He has a television so he can watch the news.
“Jokingly, some people refer to it as a five-star Hilton,” Mr. Kaufman said. “But it’s still prison.”
The small detention facility is within a Dutch prison in The Hague. One of its former residents was Ivory Coast’s Laurent Gbagbo, the first former head of state to reach trial at the court. He was acquitted along with another Ivorian political leader, Charles Blé Goudé, who was represented by Mr. Kaufman.
In a filing to the court this month, Mr. Kaufman argued that there was no legal basis for the case against Mr. Duterte because the Philippines was no longer a state party to the Rome Statute — the treaty that forms the basis for the court’s legal authority — when the court allowed an investigation into the drug war in September 2021. His lawyers called for Mr. Duterte’s immediate and unconditional release.
A hearing for the confirmation of charges is scheduled for Sept. 23.
In Davao, dozens of volunteers have camped out in front of Mr. Duterte’s house since his arrest. Janice Mahipus, 45, an online seller, said she had been sleeping outside the house, first on cartons and then on a bed a few meters away.
“We will never get tired waiting for him,” she said.
Aie Balagtas See contributed reporting.
